Osteoarthritis(osteoarthritis) is a dystrophic disease of the joints associated with slow degeneration and destruction of intra-articular cartilage. Over time, there is a restructuring of the joint ends of the bones, inflammation and degeneration of the periarticular tissues. The concept of "osteoarthritis" (deforming osteoarthritis) encompasses a group of joint diseases of a degenerative-inflammatory nature, which have different origins and similar mechanisms.
Causes
Primary osteoarthritis in the context of age-related and / or biomechanical changes. Secondary, occurs after injury, against the background of diabetes mellitus or thyroid disease, due to vascular disorders, etc. Contributes to damage to the joints of the legs and to the development of osteoarthritis of flat feet, which violates the shock absorption functions of the foot. Timely application of specially selected orthopedic insoles allows you to correct the deformation of the foot and reduce stress on the joints.
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and its frequency increases with age. But this disease does not occur only in the elderly, which determines its social importance.
Symptoms:
- pain on exertion, subsides at rest;
- limitation of mobility and cracking in the joint;
- muscle tension in the joint area;
- possible periodic onset of swelling, progressive deformation of the joint.
Primary osteoarthritis - 40-50% of cases of osteoarthritis. The disease develops in a previously healthy joint, and its cause is not damage to the joint, but, for example, heavy physical labor.
Secondary osteoarthritis - 50-60% of cases. The joint, prone to osteoarthritis, was deformed even before the disease, for example following a trauma.
Which joints are affected by osteoarthritis?
Most often, osteoarthritis develops in the joints of the lower half of the body (hip, knee, first metatarsophalangeal). On the hands, the phalanx joints of the fingers are most often exposed to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs first in one joint, and then in the second - symmetrically to the first.
Coxarthrosis
Coxarthrosis(osteoarthritis of the hip joint) is characterized by a gradual development and impairment of the statodynamic function of the musculoskeletal system. It occupies one of the first places among degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The dystrophic process begins with the articular cartilage - its thinning, dissociation, fragmentation occurs, and its damping properties are lost. As a compensatory reaction of the articular surfaces of the hip joint, marginal bony growths are formed. In the future, sclerosis develops and cysts form in the articular sections of the femoral head and acetabulum.
Gonarthrosis
Gonarthrosisosteoarthritis of the knee) occupies a prominent place in the group of arthritic lesions of the joints of the extremities. Patients with knee osteoarthritis consistently predominate among patients attending polyclinics, but, unfortunately, there are few of those treated in our hospitals. Inpatient treatment may have a much greater effect than outpatient therapy in the workplace. Known to doctors for over 100 years, this disease of everyday life is called "salt deposition".